Surface active compounds, methods for making same and uses thereof

ABSTRACT

Aliphatic surface active compounds containing a propylene chain bonded at one end to a cationic quaternary ammonium group and at the other end to an amphoteric amine oxide group, and methods of making and using them.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to new surface active compounds which arealso effective textile softening and conditioning agents, hairconditioners, humectants, cationic dispersants and the like.

There are literally tens of thousands of surface active compounds, andif not tens of thousand then, certainly hundreds and indeed thousands ofsurface active compounds which are used in textile cleaning andlaundering operations. Of this latter group, few, if any, are effectiveto any substantial and practical degree as wash cycle textile softeningagents and, of these, none, as far as we are aware, are consideredcommercially viable.

Most laundry surfactants leave the wash with a very harsh, boardlikefeel. On a rating scale of one to ten, with one being very hard and tenbeing very soft, most surfactants give values of one or two on cotton. Atypical 80:20 (tallow-coconut oil) soap gives higher readings with thevalues being dependent upon concentration and weight ratio of cotton tosoap. When clothes are treated in the rinse cycle of an automaticwashing machine with a conventional 6% active aqueous quaternarysoftener, such as dimethyl, dihydrogenated tallow ammonium methosulfate,the softeners' ratings on cotton will usually range from 9 to 10+.

Surfactant materials cover the entire spectrum of charged types ofcompounds such as:

(1) anionic, as illustrated by fatty acid soaps, sulfonates (e.g. alkylbenzene sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates), sulfates(e.g. sodium lauryl sulfates), ether sulfates (e.g. the sodium salt ofthe sulfated ethylene oxide condensation with lauryl alcohol);

(2) cationic, such as octadecyl trimethylammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium methyl sulfate, polymeric cationics derived frommonomers such as N,N,N-trimethyl-N-methacryloxy (2-hydroxy propyl)ammonium chloride and cationic monomers such as described in U.S. Pat.Nos. 4,212,820 (Hotchkiss et al), 4,098,987 and 4,171,418 (both Baura etal) and 4,426,489 (wessling et al), these patents being merelyillustrative and not limitative. The disclosures of the aforementionedUnited States patents are incorporated herein in their entirety byreference. See also U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,849,426; 3,399,159 (Samorer) and4,051,158 (Samorer et al). In addition to quaternary ammonium cationicmoieties, the compounds with phosphonium, sulfonium, pyridinium andisothiouronium moieties and the like are also among the general andwell-known group of cationic surfactants.

(3) Nonionic--These include inter alia, the broad group of the alkyleneoxide condensates with a higher molecular weight, reactive H-containingorganic hydrophobe, such as an alcohol (e.g. C₈ to C₃₀ alcohol e.g.stearyl alcohol, 1-octanol, dodecanol, etc.), a polyoxypropylenebackbone polymer, a phenol (e.g. nonyl phenol, di-isobutyl phenol), amercaptan, an amide, an amine, a carboxylic acid, etc. The alkyleneoxide should comprise at least a substantial portion of ethylene oxideto provide the usually necessary and required hydrophilic-lipophilicbalance (HLB). Other types of nonionics include the tertiary amineoxides such as; dimethyldodecylamine oxide, dimethyltetradecylamineoxide, ethylmethyltetradecylamine oxide, cetyldimethylamine oxide,dimethylstearylamine oxide, cetylethylpropylamine oxide,diethyldodecylamine oxide, diethyltetradecylamine oxide,dipropyldodecylamine oxide, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) dodecylamine oxide,bis-(2-hydroxypropyl) methyltetradecylamine oxide, diethyloleylamineoxide, dimethyl-2(-hydroxydodecyl) amine oxide and the correspondingdecyl, hexadecyl and octadecyl homologs of the above compounds; thephosphine oxides such as: dimethyldodecylphosphine oxide,dimethyltetradecylphosphine oxide, ethylmethyltetradecylphosphine oxide,cetyldimethylphosphine oxide, dimethylstearylphosphine oxide,diethyltetradecylphosphine oxide, dipropyldodecylphosphine oxide,bis-(hydroxymethyl) dodecylphosphine oxide, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)dodecylphosphine oxide, (2-hydroxypropyl) methyltetradecylphosphineoxide, dimethyloleylphosphine oxide, and dimethyl (2-hydroxydodecyl)phosphine oxide and the corresponding decyl, decadecyl and octadecylhomologs of the above compounds; and sulfoxides of the formula ##STR1##wherein R₁ is an alkyl radical containing from about 10 to about 28carbon atoms, from zero to about five ether linkages and from zero toabout two hydroxyl substitutents and wherein R₂ is an alkyl radicalcontaining from one to three carbon atoms and from zero to two hydroxylgroups, such as:

octadecylmethyl sulfoxide

dodecylmethyl sulfoxide

tetradecylmethyl sulfoxide

3-hydroxytridecyl methyl sulfoxide

3-methoxytridecyl methyl sulfoxide

3-hydroxy-4-dodecoxybutyl methyl sulfoxide

octadecyl 2-hydroxyethyl sulfoxide

dodecylethyl sulfoxide.

(4) Ampholytic--compounds which contain a secondary or tertiary aminegroup and a long chain (e.g. 8 to 20 carbons), usually aliphatic groupcontaining an anionic water-solubilizing group such as carboxy, sulfate,sulphone, etc. Taurides and isethionates are illustrative of this class.

(5) Zwitterionic--such as 3(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio)-propane-1-sulfonate and other similarcompounds as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,129,264, 2,774,786,2,813,898, 2,828,332 and 3,529,524. Other types are described in U.S.Pat. Nos. 3,265,719, 2,697,116, 2,669,991 and 2,697,656 and BritishPatents Nos. 970,883 and 1,046,252.

By far the predominant type of surfactant for laundry cleaning is theanionic type, followed by the nonionic type. Both of these provideexcellent detergents for laundering and often they are used incombination to obtain the benefits of each. For example, non-ionics areparticularly outstanding on oily soil. It is rare to employ a cationicsurfactant with an anionic one due to the "interaction" between the twocharged types resulting not only in a neutralization of the charges, butalso of the detergency effectiveness. Where the use of small amounts ofcationic softeners in combination with anionic surfactants has beensuccessful in yielding a "softergent" (a detergent which also softensthe laundry during the wash cycle) this has usually been accomplished byany one or a combination of unique ingredients and processing techniquesoften with some loss of surfactant and/or softening activity, etc. As anexample of the foregoing, attention is directed to the following UnitedStates patents:

    ______________________________________                                               U.S. Pat. Nos.                                                                          3,920,563                                                                     4,082,682                                                                     4,230,590                                                                     4,298,480                                                                     4,329,237                                                                     4,326,971                                                                     4,339,335                                                                     4,446,811                                                                              and                                                                  4,450,085.                                                   ______________________________________                                    

Thus, for example, and as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,450,085 Wixon), soap,non-ionic surfactant and magnesium sulfate are combined and used asseparate and discrete particles in an anionic spray-dried formulationalso containing a cationic softener to provide an effectivedetergent-softener composition. This patent reaffirms the obviousproblems pointed out above of using anionic surfactants and cationiccompounds (as softeners or otherwise) in combination.

While the use of non-ionic surfactants with cationic compounds does notappear to offer a problem insofar as "charge" interaction is concerned,and such combinations are common in the prior art (see U.S. Pat. Nos.4,268,401, 4,291,071, 4,233,167 and 4,140,641), there are neverthelessproblems here as well. Thus, it is well known that cationic softenereffectiveness is often seriously curtailed in the presence of non-ionicsurface active materials.

While cationic surfactants as a significant or as a major surfactantcomponent of a laundry detergent is practically non-existent (for manyobvious reasons including cost, compatibility, etc.) even were one to beconsidered, one has to recognize their generally poor foamingcharacteristics as another contra-indicating factor.

Other problems attendant with the use of the conventional quaternaryammonium compounds as softeners resides in their low water-solubility,the difficulty in forming concentrated and stable aqueous systems, andtheir difficult handling and processing characteristics as well.

PRIOR ART

In addition to the background art discussion given above, the onlyadditional prior art of which we are aware which is relevant to thepresent invention is U.S. Pat. No. 4,416,808 issued Nov. 22, 1983. Thispatent discloses a specific group of bis-betaine-amine oxides of theformula ##STR2## wherein R is a saturated or an olefinically unsaturatedhydrocarbon radical having one to three double bonds and eight to 22carbon atoms, n¹ and n² each is an integer of from 2 to 3, n¹ and n²optionally being identical or different, m¹ and m² is each an integer offrom one to four, m¹ and m² optionally being identical or different, anda, b, c and d, being identical or different, each is a number of fromone to five, with the proviso that the sum (a+b+c+d) is at most 10.

These compounds are described as particularly useful for skin and haircleaning due to their mild action and "less pronounced cleansing effect". . . , "thus allowing an increased frequency of their washing or showerbathing." (col. 1, lines 58-62).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to chemical moieties which in a singlemolecule provide a quaternary ammonium cationic site and a tertiaryamine oxide site so that an effective and outstanding surfactantproperty along with a softening property is achieved in this singlemolecular entity. By virtue of the structural relationship of thequaternary nitrogen, the tertiary amine oxide and other hydrophobic andhydrophilic groups, other unique and unexpected characteristics areobtained. Thus it is found that the foaming characteristics areexcellent and not affected by the presence of anionics. The products arewater soluble and also form stable cationic emulsions with good cosmeticesthetics. It has further been found that the compounds exhibit strongsubstantivity to glass, metal, fabrics, skin and hair.

The products of this invention are in general prepared by thealkoxylation of an aliphatic diamine containing a primary amino and asecondary amino nitrogen to produce two tertiary amine groups. One isquaternized and the other converted to a tertiary amino oxide group.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The compounds of this invention are selected from those of the followinggeneral formulas: ##STR3## wherein

(a) R is an aliphatic radical, preferably alkyl (straight chain withlittle or no branching) or unsaturated (preferably monounsaturated)alkyl of C₆ to C₃₀ and, more preferably, C₈ to C₂₀ and, most preferably,C₁₀ to C₁₈ ;

(b) R₁ is hydrogen or C₁ to C₆ alkyl, or C₂ to C₆ unsaturated(preferably monounsaturated) alkyl, e.g. alkenyl;

(c) R₂ is the organic residue of the alkylating agent e.g. C₁ to C₁₈alkyl (from alkyl halide, sulfate, etc.), C₂ to C₁₈ unsaturated alkyl orbenzyl or phenethyl, etc.; preferred groups are methyl, ethyl andbenzyl;

(d) X, Y and Z are independently selected from lower alkyl (e.g. C₁ toC₆), unsaturated lower alkyl (e.g. C₂ to C₆), preferablymono-unsaturated alkyl, such as isopropenyl, etc., and more preferablyhydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkoxyalkyl or hydroxypolyalkoxy alkyl of theformula -- ##STR4## H wherein R₃ is independently selected from hydrogenand C₁ to C₄ alkyl and n is independently an integer from 1 to 20.

(e) An is a counterion, such as chloride, bromide, methosulfate,ethosulfate, phosphate, acetate or any other suitable water-solubilizinganion derived from the alkylating (quaternizing) agent;

(f) q is an integer of 1 to 4 and equal to the valence of An; and

(g) at least one of X, Y and Z, preferably two and, more preferably,each of X, Y and Z is ##STR5## and ##STR6## wherein R, R₁, R₂, X, Y, Z,q and An are selected similarly as above set forth for formula I, andmixtures of I and II.

Preferred compounds within the general formulas I and II are those inwhich X, Y, and Z are each (CH₂ --CHR₃ --O)_(n) H, R₁ is hydrogen and R₃is preferably methyl.

For illustrative purposes only, specific compounds include thefollowing:

Formula I compounds:

(1) R is oleyl, X, Y and Z are each CH₂ CH₂ OH, R₁ is C₂ H₅, R₂ is CH₃,and An is Cl.

(2) R is tallow alkyl, X, Y and Z are each CH₂ CH₂ OH, R₁ is butenyl, R₂is benzyl, and An is Cl.

(3) R is tallow alkyl, X, Y and Z are each ##STR7## R₁ is H, R₂ is CH₂CH₃, and An is Br.

(4) R is tallow alkyl, X, Y and Z are each ##STR8## R₁ is H, R₂ is CH₃,and An is Cl.

(5) R is C₁₄ H₂₉, X, Y and Z are each ##STR9## R₁ is H, R₂ is CH₃, andAn is methyl sulfate.

Formula II compounds:

(6)-(10) corresponding to (1)-(5) but in which the left hand N isquaternized (bonded to R₂) and the right hand N is oxidized (bonded to0).

In the above formulae, the tallow alkyl (from tallow amine precursor) istypically a mixture of natural saturated and unsaturated C₁₂ to C₂₀aliphatic hydrocarbons, the chain distribution being generally:

    ______________________________________                                        C.sub.18 saturated                                                                             16-22%                                                       C.sub.18 unsaturated                                                                           40-50%                                                       C.sub.16         25-30%                                                       C.sub.12 -C.sub.14 and C.sub.20                                                                2-7%                                                         ______________________________________                                    

A typical tallow alkyl might contain 29% palmityl, 21% stearyl, 41%oleyl, 2% linoleyl, 3% myristyl, and the balance C₁₂ and C₂₀ alkyls.

The general method for preparing the compounds of this inventioninvolves the following basic reactions:

(a) Reaction of a primary amine with acylonitrile, or methacrylonitrile(or other reactive nitrile) to form a cyanoalkyl substituted amine (i.e.secondary amine);

(b) Reduction of the nitrile group to primary amine;

(c) Reaction of resulting diamine with alkylene oxide (at least onemole, preferably two, more preferably, three to four or even more molesper mole of diamine) to ensure the conversion of both the primary aminegroup and the secondary amine group to alkoxylated tertiary aminegroups;

(d) Reaction of the alkoxylated tertiary amine from (c) with anequivalent weight of alkylating agent to quaternize one of the tertiaryamino group;

(e) Oxidation of the tertiary (unquaternized) amino group to a tertiaryamine oxide.

Where the reaction (c) is conducted with less than sufficient alkyleneoxide to convert both nitrogens to tertiary form, in reaction (d) theequivalent weight of alkylating (i.e. quaternizing) agent is doubled ortripled to introduce two or three alkyl moieties, but always leaving onenitrogen in tertiary form for oxidation to the amine oxide. In thepreferred embodiments of the invention as pointed out above, each of thehydrogens of the original primary nitrogen is substituted with anhydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkoxyalkyl or hydroxypolyalkoxyalkyl as is thesingle hydrogen of the secondary amine group.

Reactions (a) and (b) and their varying conditions of catalyst, solvent,pressure, temperature, etc. are known in the art. The diamines thusproduced are often available commercially. Thus a suitable product isKemamine D 974, a tallow diamine available from Humko Chemical Company.See also U.S. Pat. No. 3,660,460 for illustrative reaction (a)conditions and procedures for preparing monocyanoethylated amines,which, when reduced, form diamines. This entire patent is incorporatedherein by reference. The reduction of the cyanoethylated amine to thediamine (reaction (b)) involves use of a conventional (e.g. Raneynickel, Raney cobalt, etc.) hydrogenation catalyst under pressure (e.g.50 to 200 bar of hydrogen) and at temperatures usually from 50 to 200degrees C. for periods of time, of from about 30 minutes to five or sixhours.

The oxyalkylation reaction (c) employs, generally, a C₁ to C₆ alkyleneoxide or vicinal epoxide such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide,butylene oxide, etc., usually under pressure (e.g. 1 to 5 bar) andusually and preferably at an elevated temperature (e.g. 60 degrees C. to200 degrees C., preferably 75 degrees C. to 120 degrees C., and, morepreferably, 85 degrees C. to 99 degrees C.). In the preferredembodiments of this reaction, at least three, and preferably up to fourmoles of oxyalkylating agent are used per mole of diamine. This resultsin the desired bis tertiary amine formation, i.e. each of the threereactive hydrogens on the two nitrogen atoms is initially substituted byan hydroxyalkyl group.

When more than three moles of oxyalkylating reagent per mole of diamineare used, the oxyalkyl chains may, under suitable conditions, propagateby reaction of the terminal hydroxyl with the additional oxyalkylatingreagent. Since each of the initial three hydroxyalkyl groups are of thesame order of reactivity, the products tend to be a mixture. Thus, forexample, reacting four moles of propylene oxide with a stearyl diamine(C₁₈ H₃₇ NHCH₂ CH₂ CH₂ NH₂) one could expect some of each of thefollowing, in addition to the initial product containing three Nsubstituted hydroxypropyl groups: ##STR10##

With five moles of propylene oxide, the permutations obviously increaseand, with six moles, at least some of the product would have the formula##STR11## mixed with the other variants.

In the oxyalkylating reaction, one may employ the conventionalcatalysts, e.g. caustic solution, but none is necessary except at highlevels of oxyalkylating reagent. In general, it is convenient to referto the reaction products of the epoxide and the diamine as productshaving the molecular configuration of the products produced by thereaction of the specified types of diamines with the named epoxides,also setting out the mole ratios of the two as well.

The quaternizing reaction (d) is done in the usual manner employingabout equal moles of the alkylating agent and the alkoxylateddi-tertiarty amines from (c). Temperatures and pressures would begenerally similar to those used in the alkoxylation step (c).

The oxidation step (e) is carried out in a conventional manner usingaqueous hydrogen peroxide (or other equivalent peroxides such as sodiumperborate mono or tetrahydrate, urea peroxide, organic peracids etc.)usually of 20 to 50% concentration, preferably 30% strength. Convenienttemperatures are 40 degrees C. to about 60 degrees C., with around 55degrees C. being preferred.

A slight excess of the peroxide over the stoichiometric amount may bedesirable, e.g. up to about 3% excess.

The following examples will serve to illustrate the present inventionwithout being deemed limitative thereof. All amounts and proportionsreferred to herein and in the appended claims are by weight andtemperatures are in degrees F., unless otherwise indicated.

EXAMPLE 1 (A) Oxyalkylation

To 1871 parts (about 6 moles) of a tallow diamine (Kemamine D974) of thefollowing formula:

    tallow--NHCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --NH.sub.2

in an autoclave equipped with a stirrer and cooling coils, there isadded 19 parts of water and the mixture is heated to 195 degrees F.(90.50 degrees C.). To this is then added 1150 (about 20 moles) parts ofpropylene oxide over a period of two hours at a pressure of 30 psig.When the addition is complete, heating is continued for an additionalfour hours at this temperature. The resultant product is then strippedof unreacted propylene oxide and cooled. The yield is 3005 parts.

(B) Quaternization

To 1442 parts of the above product, there is added 142 parts of methylalcohol and 14 parts of water. This is heated to 195 degrees F. (90.50degrees C. ) in an autoclave and 124 parts of methyl chloride is addedover a period of six hours at a pressur of 45 psig. This material isdiluted with 100 parts of water and cooled to 125 degrees F. (51.50degrees C.).

(C) Oxidation

126 parts of 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide is then added over a periodof one hour and heating is continued for four more hours at thistemperature (100 degrees to 125 degrees F.). The product is thenstripped under vacuum for a period of one hour, and has Formula I (4)and/or II (4) above wherein R is tallow alkyl; X, Y and Z are eachhydroxypropyl; R₁ is hydrogen; R₂ is methyl; An is chloride and q is 1.

EXAMPLE 2

Example 1 is repeated using equivalent amounts of the following diaminesin place of the diamine of Example 1: ##STR12##

Similar Formula I and/or Formula II products are obtained

EXAMPLE 3

Examples 1 and 2 are repeated using in place of 20 molar parts (i.e.1150 parts) of propylene oxide, 40 molar parts of propylene oxide. Themajor product in each instance contains a hydroxypropoxypropyl group foreach of the three reactive hydrogens on the amino groups.

EXAMPLE 4

Example 3 is repeated using in place of the 40 molar parts of propyleneoxide of example 3:

(a) 20 molar parts propylene oxide and, after stripping unreactedpropylene oxide, further adding 20 molar parts ethylene oxide (the majorproduct in each instance contains a hydroxyethoxypropyl group for eachof the three reactive hydrogens.)

(b) 10 molar parts propylene oxide and 248 parts methyl chloride insteadof 124 parts methyl chloride (the major product in each instancecontains on average about half the said reactive hydrogens replaced byhydroxypropyl and about half by methyl.

EXAMPLE 5

Each of the foregoing examples is repeated utilizing in place of thealkylene oxides used therein the following: ##STR13##

Formula I and/or II products are obtained in which the X, Y and Z groupsare derived from the respective (a) to (e) oxides.

The compounds of this invention have a multiplicity of uses and amongthem their use as, and in, laundry and other detergent compositions isof major importance. In laundry detergents, the compounds demonstrateexcellent cleaning performance and also impart softness to the laundry.The compounds may be used with other surfactants and with the usualbuilders, and other adjuvants at any stage in the preparation of thedetergent compositions.

The detergent compositions preferably include water soluble alkaline toneutral builder salt in amounts of from about 10 to 60% by weight oftotal composition. Useful herein are the organic and inorganic buildersincluding the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal phosphates,particularly the condensed phosphates, such as the pyrophosphates ortripolyphosphate, silicates, borates, carbonates, bicarbonates and thelike. Species thereof include sodium tripolyphosphate, trisodiumphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate, sodiummonobasic phosphate, sodium dibasic phosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate,alkali metal silicates, such as sodium metasilicate, sodium silicates:(SiO₂ /Na₂ O of 1.6:1 to 3.2:1), sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, borax(sodium tetraborate), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid tetrasodiumsalt, trisodium nitrilotri-acetate and the like and mixtures of theforegoing. Builder salt may be selected so as to provide eitherphosphate-containing or phosphate-free detergents. As to the latterembodiments, sodium carbonate is particularly effective. Anothermaterial found to provide good detergency effects is metakaolin which isgenerally produced by heating kaolinite lattice to drive off waterproducing a material which is substantially amorphous by x-rayexamination but which retains some of the structural order of thekaolinite. Discussions of kaolin and metakaolin are found in U.S. Pat.No. 4,075,280, columns 3 and 4, and Grimshaw, "The Chemistry And Physicsof Clays and Allied Ceramic Materials," (4th ed. Wiley-Interscience),pages 723-727). The metakaolin also appears to have softening utility.As to the latter, the most effective metakaolins appear to be thosewhich behave best in the reaction with sodium hydroxide to form zeolite4A as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,114,603, which refers to suchmaterials as "reactive kaolin". As explained in the referenced sources,metakaolin is an aluminosilicate. The metakaolin and/or a zeolite isincluded in about the same amounts as the builder salt, and preferablysupplmental thereto, e.g. zeolite-silicate in a ratio of 6:1. Aparticularly useful form of the metakaolin is that availablecommercially as Satintone No. 2.

Preferred optional ingredients useful in detergents include perfume suchas Genie perfume; optical brighteners and bluing agents which may bedyes or pigments, suitable materials in this regard including stilbeneand Tinopal 5BM brighteners and particularly in combination and DirectBrilliant Sky Blue 6B, Solophenyl Violet 4BL, Cibacete, Brilliant BlueRBL and Cibacete Violet B, Polar Brilliant Blue RAW and Calcocid Blue 2Gbluing agents. The brightener may be included in amounts ranging up toabout 1% of the total composition while bluing agents may range up toabout 0.1% preferably up to about 0.01% of total composition. Bluingagent, e.g., Polar Brilliant Blue may be included in the soap spaghetti.In either case, the amount need only be minimal to be effective.

Other optional ingredients in the detergents include bleaching agentswhich may be of the oxygen or chlorine liberating type; Oxygen typebleaching agents include sodium and potassium perborate, potassiummonopersulfate and the like, while chlorine bleaches are typified bysodium hypochlorite, potassium dichloroisocyanurate,trichloroisocyanuric acid and the like. The latter chlorine-liberatingbleaches are representative of the broad class of water soluble,organic, dry solid bleaches known as the N-chloroimides including theiralkali metal salts. These cyclic imides have from about 4 to 6 membersin the ring and are described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 3,325,414. Theyare generally used in proportions ranging from about 0.1 to 25% byweight of total solids or from about 0.05% to about 20% based on totaldetergent composition.

Yet additional optional ingredients in detergents include water solubleand/or dispersible hydrophobic colloidal cellulosic soil suspendingagents. Methyl cellulose, e.g. Methocel, is particularly effective andespecially in the washing of cotton and synthetic fibers such as nylon,dacron and resin treated cotton. The additional soil suspending agentmay be included in amounts up to about 4% based on total detergentcomposition. However, it must be emphasized that the nonionic organicsurfactant component of the soap spaghetti supplies at least a majorpart of the anti-redeposition or soil suspending function, itseffectiveness in this regard being significantly augmented by the soapmaterial as previously explained.

Fillers may also be included in addition to the aforementionedingredients, such as sodium sulfate, sodium chloride and the like. Theamount may range from about 5% up to about 40% of total composition.

The detergent compositions may be prepared by conventional processingsuch as spray drying a crutcher mix of surfactant, builder, filler, etc.without volatile ingredients such as perfume or ingredients otherwiseadversely affected by the spray drying process, such as peroxygenbleach, e.g. sodium perborate. Ingredients of this type are preferablypost blended. A typical procedure would be as follows: Water is added toa crutcher followed in order by anionic surfactant, sodium silicate,optional ingredients where used such as Satintone #2 and filler such assodium sulfate and builder salt. The crutcher mixture is heated to about140 degrees F. before addition of builder, e.g. sodium tripoly-phosphateand the solids content of the crutched mixture before spray drying isabout 55-65%. Spray drying may be carried out in a conventional mannerby pumping the hot mixture from the crutcher to a spray tower where themixture passes through a spray nozzle into a hot evaporative atmosphere.Bleach and other materials remaining to be added are incorporated intothe cooled, dried detergent mass by any suitable means, such as simplemechanical mixing. The compounds of this invention may be added with thebleach or at an earlier stage in the preparation.

Other uses of the compounds of this invention include formulating intohair cleaning and conditioning preparations, skin treatment andconditioners, and others.

Some illustrations of a car wash formulation and hair conditioningshampoo are as follows:

EXAMPLE 6

    ______________________________________                                        Car Wash formulation:                                                         ______________________________________                                        Product of Example 1     2%                                                   Water                    98%                                                  ______________________________________                                    

The product foams well, sponges on the car well, has very good waterrinse off properties, and leaves a water-resistant film, which dries toa shine.

EXAMPLE 7

    ______________________________________                                        Hair Shampoo:                                                                 ______________________________________                                        Product of Example 1      12%                                                 Natrosol 250HR            1%                                                  (hydroxyethylcellulose of Hercules)                                           Water                     87%                                                 ______________________________________                                    

The Natrosol is first dissolved in 50 to 50 degrees C. water and thenthe product of Example 1 is added. Finally, perfumes, some preservativeand suitable color are added.

The product lathers with a luxurious foam and, on rinsing the hair, isvery manageable indicating substantivity and conditioning propertiesvis-a-vis the hair.

EXAMPLE 8

A detergent composition suitable for laundering clothes is preparedhaving the following ingredients:

    ______________________________________                                                              Weight %                                                ______________________________________                                        Product of Example 1    15.0                                                  Sodium tripolyphosphate (hexahydrate)                                                                 25.0                                                  Sodium silicate (NAO:SiO.sub.2 ratio of 1:2.5)                                                        10.0                                                  Carboxymethylcellulose  2.0                                                   Proteolytic Enzyme      1.0                                                   Brightener (Tropal 3BM) 2.0                                                   Neodol 23-6.5/Shell     5.0                                                   Sodium carbonate        10.0                                                  Sodium Sulfate, water, perfume, color,                                        balance to              100.0%                                                ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 9

Example 8 is repeated replacing half of the tripolyphosphate withZeolite 4A, crystalline (particle size 4 to 8 microns).

Although in the above-described method of preparing the compounds ofthis invention oxidation reaction (e) follows quaternization reaction(d), it will be understood that the method in which reaction (d) followsreaction (e) is to be regarded as equivalent, substantially similarproducts being obtainable thereby.

This invention has been disclosed with respect to preferred embodimentsandd it will be understood that modifications and variations obvious tothose skilled in the art are to be included within the spirit andpurview of this application and the scope of the appended claims.

We claim:
 1. A compound selected from those of the following formulae:##STR14## and mixtures of I and II, wherein(1) R is a C₆ to C₃₀aliphatic radical, preferably alkyl or alkenyl; (2) X, Y and Z areindependently selected from the group consisting of C₁ to C₆ alkyl, C₂to C₆ alkenyl and (--CH₂ CHR₃ O--)_(n) H groups wherein R₃ isindependently selected from hydrogen and C₁ to C₄ alkyl, and n isindependently an integer from 1 to 20; (3) R₂ is C₁ to C₁₈ alkyl, C₂ toC₁₈ alkenyl, benzyl or phenylethyl; (4) R₁ is hydrogen, C₁ to C₄ alkylor C₂ to C₆ alkenyl; (5) An is a water-solubilizing anion; (6) q is aninteger of 1 to 4 equivalent to the valence of the anion (An); and atleast one of X, Y and Z is a (--CH₂ CHR₃ O--)_(n) H group.
 2. A compoundas defined in claim 1, wherein X, Y and Z are each (--CH₂ CHR₃ O--)_(n)H and R₁ is hydrogen.
 3. A compound as defined in claim 2, wherein n ineach of X, Y and Z is
 1. 4. A compound as defined in claim 3 wherein X,Y and Z are each hydroxypropyl.
 5. A compound as defined in claim 4wherein R is tallow alkyl.
 6. A compound as defined in claim 5 whereinR₂ is methyl, q is one, and An is chloride.